9.1 Security Issues- Threats to Computers & Communication Systems

Errors, Accidents, & Natural Hazards
Human errors:
Humans often are not good at assessing their own information
Human emotions affect performance; people get frustrated
Human perceptions are slower than the equipment
Information overload may also be a problem

Procedural errors:
When people fail to follow established procedures, errors can occur

Software errors:
Software bug: an error in a program that causes it not to work properly

“Dirty data” problems:
Incomplete, outdated, or otherwise 
inaccurate data

Electromechanical problems:
Mechanical systems can wear out or become damaged
They can also be badly designed or constructed
Power failures and surges can damage equipment

Natural hazards : can lead to disasters

Computer Crimes 
Two types of computer crime:
Illegal act perpetrated against computers or telecommunications (computer is the target)
Use of computers or telecommunications to accomplish an illegal act (computer is the tool)


Computer Crimes :
Theft of hardware
Theft of software
Theft of intellectual property (piracy)
Theft of time and services
Theft of information (e.g., medical info, credit card info)
Internet-related fraud (e.g., Wi-Fi phishing, or evil twin attack)
Crimes of malice: crashing entire systems
Attacks on power-control systems and attacks on the Internet